A quick second followup, since I happened to see a relevant comment on Twitter. Training police officers to deescalate situations rather than turn immediately to violence or threats of violence would certainly have an up-front cost. But, just for instance, police brutality lawsuits in Chicago alone averaged about $50 million over the ten years leading up to 2014. NYC recently paid over $150 million in a year. So changing police culture could definitely save some serious cash on that end. (And routine use of body cameras could eliminate a large fraction of false brutality claims, too.)
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